Refactor Dockerfile and add linguist module

This commit refactors the Dockerfile to:
- Reintroduce the programmer user creation with sudo privileges
- Add necessary system dependencies for development tools
- Update Go installation to include PATH in root's bashrc
- Install github-linguist gem

It also includes the addition of a new linguist command module with functions to interact with GitHub Linguist for language statistics and file information retrieval.

tools/install_latest_go.sh

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-URL="https://go.dev/dl/"
-
-OS=$(uname -a | awk '{print $1}')
-ARCH=$(uname -m)
-
-if [[ "$ARCH" == "x86_64" ]] ; then
-    ARCH="amd64"
-fi
-
-if [[ "$ARCH" == "aarch64" ]] ; then
-    ARCH="arm64"
-fi
-
-GOFILE=$(curl "$URL" \
-            | grep 'class="download"' \
-            | grep "\.tar\.gz" \
-            | sed -E 's@^.*/dl/(go[1-9].+\.tar\.gz)".*$@\1@' \
-            | grep -i "$OS" \
-            | grep -i "$ARCH" \
-            | head -1)
-
-GOURL=$(curl "${URL}${GOFILE}" \
-        | sed -E 's@^.*href="(.*\.tar\.gz)".*$@\1@')
-
-echo "Install GO from : $GOURL" 1>&2
-
-mkdir -p /usr/local
-cd /usr/local
-
-curl "$GOURL" \
-    | tar zxf -